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A fibula is an ancient form of a brooch (buckles, clasps) that was used to fasten and connect individual parts of clothing. Initially, fibulae were called only ancient Roman brooches, but later the name became established for all ancient and pre-Romanesque brooches.They are most often made of bronze, then iron, silver and gold with various ornaments.
The first fibulae appear in the Bronze Age and have the shape of a violin bow, the second shape is a fibula with a very pronounced bow, while the third basic type from the Bronze Age is a fibula made of spirally bent wire. The use of fibulae spread in the Iron Age, when high-arch fibulae were decorated with geometric ornaments. In the first century AD, Roman workshops developed and the number of different types of fibulae increased. Men's fibulae are more massive and without larger ornaments, while women's fibulae are smaller and decorated and take on the character of jewellery. Although they had a practical purpose to strengthen the clothes, from the appearance and decorations of the fibula it could be deduced to which class the owner belonged. The first specimens of the cruciform fibula, which belong to the typological grouping of the early Christian character, appear in the third century. They ceased to be used in the Middle Ages with the advent of buttons.
